Driving method for display device

ABSTRACT

A liquid crystal display includes pixels each having an switching element, drain drivers and gate drivers for operating the switching elements and the pixels, and drain lines and gate lines supplying signals from the drain drivers and the gate drivers to the switching elements being formed on one of a pair of substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal layer. Wiring lines are formed on the one of a pair of substrates for transferring display data signals and a clock signal to the gate drivers.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 12/078,522 filed Apr. 1, 2008, which is a Continuation applicationof; U.S. application Ser. No. 11/283,766 filed Nov. 22, 2005, which is aContinuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/747,450 filedDec. 30, 2003, which is a Continuation application of U.S. applicationSer. No. 09/791,172 filed Feb. 13, 2001. Priority is claimed based onU.S. application Ser. No. 12/078,522 filed Apr. 1, 2008, which claimspriority to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/283,766 filed Nov. 22, 2005,which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/747,450 filed Dec.30, 2003, which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 09/791,172filed Feb. 13, 2001, which claims priority to Japanese PatentApplication No. 2000-040992 filed on Feb. 18, 2000, and Japanese PatentApplication No. 2000-141263 filed on May 15, 2000, all of which isincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. Moreparticularly, this invention relates to a liquid crystal display devicethat simplifies a wiring structure of a flexible printed substrate forsupplying driving signals to a driver IC mounted by a flip chip mountingsystem, and reduces a cost by employing a novel signal transmissionsystem.

2. Description of the Related Art

Liquid crystal display devices have been wide spread as a display devicefor various image displaying apparatuses. An active matrix type liquidcrystal display device, that has an active cell such as a thin filmtransistor TFT for each pixel and, switches and drives the active cell,applies a liquid crystal driving voltage (gray scale voltage) to a pixelelectrode through the active cell. Therefore, this liquid crystaldisplay device is free from cross-talk between the pixels and canconduct multiple gray scale display without employing a specific drivingmethod for preventing cross-talk that has been necessary in a simplematrix type liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 42 of the accompanying drawings is a block diagram useful forexplaining a structural example of a driving circuit in an active matrixtype liquid crystal display device.

FIGS. 43A, 43B, 44A and 44B are explanatory views (signal time charts)for explaining horizontal direction timing and vertical direction timingof display control in FIG. 42.

As shown in FIG. 42, the liquid crystal display device includes aninterface substrate (a rigid printed substrate) having mounted theretoan interface circuit that receives display data (which will be calledalso “pixel data”) and a control signal from a host computer, andapplies pixel data, various clock signals and various driving voltagesto a liquid crystal panel TFT-LCD.

The interface circuit has a display control device equipped with atiming converter TCON and a power supply circuit. The display controldevice outputs timing signals such as a data bus for transmitting imagedata, a data bus for transferring a second pixel, a clock D2 (CL2)required for a drain driver to acquire pixel data (which will be calledmerely “data”, too), a clock D1 (CL1) required for the drain driver toswitch a liquid crystal driving signal, a frame starting directionsignal for driving a gate driver and a gate clock (clock G), to theliquid crystal panel.

The power supply circuit includes a positive gray scale voltagegenerating circuit, a negative gray scale voltage generating circuit, avoltage generating circuit for counter electrodes and a voltagegenerating circuit for gate electrodes.

The number of display pixels of the liquid crystal panel constitutingthe liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 42 is (1,024.times.3 ina lateral direction).times.(768 in a longitudinal direction). A liquidcrystal panel having higher resolution is known, too. The interfacesubstrate for receiving the display data and the control signals fromthe host computer receives data in pixel unit, that is, data of each ofred (R), green (G) and blue (b) as a set, and transfers (or transmits)one pixel data set in a unit time to the drain driver through data linesshown in FIG. 38.

The host computer transmits a clock signal as the reference of the unittime to the liquid crystal display device. More concretely, the liquidcrystal display device having 1,024.times.768 pixels of this structuralexample uses ordinarily a frequency of 65 MHz.

The liquid crystal panel TFT-LCD has a construction such that the draindrivers (called also “TFT drivers”) are situated in the lateraldirection with the display screen as the reference. The drain driversare connected to the drain lines of the thin film transistors TFT tosupply a voltage for driving the liquid crystal. The gate drivers areconnected to the gate lines, and a voltage is supplied to the gates ofthe thin film transistors TFT for a certain predetermined time (onehorizontal operation time).

A timing converter comprises a semiconductor integrated circuit (LSI),receives the display data and the control signals from the host computerand outputs necessary display data and operation clocks to the gatedrivers on the basis of them. Incidentally, the data line for one pixelhas 18 bits (six bits for each of R, G and B).

The host computer transmits signals to the timing converter of theliquid crystal display device by low voltage amplification differentialsignals, or so-called “LVDS”. The timing converter transmits the signalsat a CMOS level to the drain drivers. However, it is difficult in thiscase to supply 65 MHz pixel clocks. Therefore, the display date istransmitted in synchronism with both edges of the rise and fall of a32.5 MHz clock.

As shown in FIGS. 43A, 43B, 44A and 44B, pulses of one horizontal timecycle are given to the gate drivers on the basis of the horizontalsynchronizing (sync) signal and the display timing signal so as tosupply voltages to the gate lines of the thin film transistors TFT ineach horizontal time. The frame starting direction signal is given, too,on the basis of the vertical sync signal so that display can be madefrom the first line in one frame time unit.

The positive gray scale voltage generating circuit and the negative grayscale voltage generating circuit of the power supply circuit generate areference voltage for converting a voltage, that is to be given to theliquid crystal in every certain time, to an alternating current. Thisalteration is conducted in practice as the positive gray scale voltageand the negative gray scale voltage are alternately switched and usedinside the drain driver. Incidentally, the term “alteration” used herebymeans alternation of the voltage to be given to the drain driver to thepositive voltage side/negative voltage side in every predetermined time.Here, the cycle of this alteration corresponds to one frame time unit.

The flip chip system described above is also called an “FCA system”.This FCA system is the one that directly mounts the driving IC (draindrivers and gate drivers) to the outer periphery of one of thesubstrates of the liquid crystal panel (generally, the lower substrate),and is also called a “chip-on-glass system (COG)”. Various signals andan operation power source to the driving IC (drain drivers and gatedrivers) directly mounted to the substrate of the liquid crystal panelare supplied through the flexible printed substrate FPC connected to theinterface substrate.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory of a mounting example of a drain driver and agate driver of a liquid crystal display device and an interfacesubstrate. A drain line side flexible printed substrate FPC2 is fittedto one of the edges (to the lower edge in the drawing, a side in a majordirection) of a liquid crystal panel PNL formed by bonding a lowersubstrate SUB1 and an upper substrate SUB2, and is folded to the back ofthe liquid crystal panel PNL along the arrangement of an open portionHOP.

A gate line side flexible printed substrate FPC1 is fitted to the leftedge (the left edge in the drawing, or a side in a minor direction), andits connector CT3, a connector CTR3 of the interface substrate PCB and aconnector CTR4 connected to a connector CT4 of the drain line sideflexible printed substrate FPC2 are coupled with one another. Aninterface connector CT1 for connecting signals from the host computer, atiming converter TCON, and so forth, are further fitted to thissubstrate FPC1. Incidentally, this example employs the data transfersystem of an LVDS system. A reception side signal converter (LVDS-R)necessary in this case is integrated with the same chip as that of thetiming converter TCON to reduce the mounting area on the interfacesubstrate.

An upper polarizer POL1 is bonded to the surface side of the liquidcrystal panel. PNL (to the surface of the upper substrate SUB2) and adisplay area AR is formed inside the upper polarizer POL1.

The chip IC2 mounted to the outer edge of the lower side of the lowersubstrate is the drain driver and the chip IC1 mounted to the outer edgeof the left side is the gate driver. Symbol FGP represents a frameground pad and FHL does a positioning hole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the conventional liquid crystal display device of this IPS system,the display control device equipped with the timing converter TCONsupplies in parallel the date for display, the gray scale voltage(analog signals) and the pixel clocks to each drain driver. It isnecessary to pass a large number of lines through the drain line sideflexible printed substrate FPC2 (drain FPC) for supplying various clocksignals (timing signals) inclusive of the data, the gray scale voltageand the pixel clock signal to the drain driver. Therefore, it isnecessary to use either a multi-layered FPC having a narrow (thin) widthor an FPC a of dual-sided wiring type having a wide (thick) width. Ineither case, the cost is extremely high.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 6-13724 proposes aconstruction that supplies the data and the pixel clocks to the drivingIC without using the FPC. According to this reference, the drain driversare mounted by the FCA system, and are connected in series with oneanother through a pass line formed by transferring a patterned metalfilm onto the substrate of the liquid crystal panel (serial seriessupply system, or so-called “bucket relay system”). The term “bucketrelay system” is used because the signal transform for seriallytransferring the signals through a plurality of driving ICs is analogousto the transfer form when a plurality of people hand over and transferserially the buckets carrying water.

Such a bucket relay system for supplying the data, the gray scalevoltage and various clock signals inclusive of the pixel clock canobtain desired effects in a so-called “simple matrix type liquid crystaldisplay device” that has a relatively small number of lines.

In contrast, in the thin film transistor type liquid crystal displaydevice, a large number of signals and voltages such as the data, thegray scale voltage, the timing signals inclusive of the pixel clock, thepower supply, and so forth, must be supplied to the drain drivers. Topattern all these signals and voltages to the side edge of the liquidcrystal panel, the periphery of the panel must have a large area, andso-called “narrowing of frame” becomes extremely difficult. This problembecomes all the more remarkable when resolution (fineness) of the liquidcrystal device becomes higher.

When a plurality of drain drivers are connected in series (the bucketrelay system described above), the delay amount varies depending on thedifference of the wiring resistance of each of the signal lines andvoltage lines and the timing margin cannot be satisfied with the resultthat the drain drivers fail to normally acquire the data and inviteabnormal display. This is one of the problems to be solved.

The frequency of the pixel clock necessary for the drain drivers toacquire the data becomes higher as fineness of display becomes higherand electromagnetic interference (EMI) to outside is more likely tooccur.

The problem resulting from high fineness similarly occurs on the gatedriver side.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystaldisplay device that solves the problems of the prior art technologiesdescribed above and can display high-quality images at a low cost.

This and other objects and novel features of the present invention willbecome more apparent from the following detail description of theinvention in connection with the accompanying drawings.

To accomplish these objects, the present invention is characterized inthat power supply lines among lines for data signals (image or displaydata, timing signals for pixel clocks and gray scale voltage) are wiredmainly on a flexible printed substrate FPC, and other signals and all oralmost all the voltages are transferred through lines directly formed ona substrate of a liquid crystal panel.

As, disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 6-13724described above, the wiring resistance on the substrate of the liquidcrystal panel remains high when, a plurality of driving ICs are merelyconnected by the bucket relay system in the thin film transistor TFTsystem, and the device sometimes fails to operate normally.

To solve such problems of the prior art, a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the present invention, includes, a liquid crystal panelhaving pixels each being arranged at an intersection between each of aplurality of drain lines and each of a plurality of gate linesintersecting the drain lines, a plurality of drain drivers arranged inan extending direction of the gate lines, for applying gray scalevoltage signals to the pixels so arranged as to correspond topredetermined groups of a plurality of drain lines on the basis ofdisplay data signals, a plurality of gate drivers arranged in anextending direction of the drain lines, for applying scanning voltagesignals to the pixels arranged along the drain lines, a timing converterfor generating the display data signals and various high-speed andlow-speed clock signals inclusive of pixel clocks on the basis of adisplay signal and a timing signal inputted from outside, lines forserially transferring in series the display data signal, the gray scalevoltage signal and the various, high-speed and low-speed clock signalsinclusive of the pixel clock to at least the drain driver mounteddirectly to one of the substrates of the liquid crystal panel andbetween the drain drivers, and gate circuits controlled by the pixelclock signals, and disposed for each of the drain drivers on either one,of both, of the input side and the output side of the display data andsaid gray scale voltage to the drain drivers.

This construction can avoid degradation of image quality that wouldotherwise occur as the delay amount varies depending on the wiringresistance of each of the signal line and the voltage line, the timingmargin cannot be satisfied and the drain drivers cannot normally acquirethe data.

The present invention employs the following constructions as means forsolving the problems of the prior art technologies.

(1) Gate circuits are disposed on the output side of the display datasignals of the drain driver and on the output side of the pixel clocksignals. The gate circuit inhibits the transfer of the display datasignal and the pixel clock signal to the display data line and to thepixel clock line of a following stage while the drain driver itselfacquires the display data signal, and starts transferring the displaydata and the pixel clock signal to the following stage when the draindriver finishes acquiring the display data signal.

The gate circuit described above can appropriately use a flip-flapcircuit, but can also use other means having similar functions.

(2) A timing converter is mounted to one of the substrates of the liquidcrystal panel. The substrate to which the timing converter is mounted issuitably a so-called “thin film transistor substrate”.

This construction can shorten the wiring length from the timingconverter to the drain driver and the gate driver, and can simplify theconstruction on the side of the flexible printed substrate for supplyingthe signals and power when the lines for the timing converter, the draindriver and the gate driver are directly formed on the substrate.

(3) A buffer amplifier for driving a gray scale voltage dividing circuitinside the drain driver is disposed at the gray scale voltage input ofthe drain driver.

(4) The line width of the lines for the display data signal and thepixel clock signal as the high-speed digital signals, the line width ofthe lock signals as the low-speed digital signal other than the pixelclock signal and the line width of the line for the gray scale voltageas the low-speed analog signal are changed in accordance with theirallowable resistance values.

(5) The wiring resistance of the line for the display data signal is setto an equal value of the wiring resistance of the line for the pixelclock signal, and the size of the terminal to be formed on the line, forconnecting the drain driver is different between the high-speed digitalsignal line and the low-speed analog line.

The resistance values of the lines can be set to desired values inaccordance with the kind of the signals, and the signal delay in theserial series transfer system can be avoided.

(6) The drain driver connection terminals for the high-speed digitalsignals are arranged zigzag on the minor side of the drain driver, andthis arrangement of the connection terminals on one of the minor sidesof the drain driver is moved as such in parallel to the other minor,side so as to align the wiring resistance on both sides.

(7) The drain driver connection terminals for the low-speed digitalsignals and for the analog signals are arranged on the major side of thedrain driver.

(8) The output terminals of the drain driver are arranged on the majorside on the outer edge side of the substrate of the drain driver, andare connected to common lines formed outside a substrate cutting linefrom the output terminals.

(9) The drain driver power supply terminals are arranged in two rows toreduce the contact resistance.

(10) Bumps to be connected to the lines of the drain driver of apreceding stage arranged inside the substrate of the drain driver and,the bumps to be connected to the lines of the drain driver of afollowing stage are formed, in two rows in a direction parallel to theminor sides of the drain driver so that they can be used in common fortwo kinds of drain drivers having mutually different size specificationsin the direction parallel to the minor sides of the drain drivers.

(11) The terminals of the power supply FPC of the drain driver to beconnected to the lines of the flexible printed substrate are seriallydisposed zigzag along the outer edge of the substrate on the side of thesubstrate cutting line.

(12) The liquid crystal display device includes a flexible printedsubstrate having power supply lines and grounding lines formed thereonfor supplying power to the drain drivers, and this flexible printedsubstrate is disposed on only the drain driver mounting surface of oneof the substrates of the liquid crystal panel with the exception of theportion at which the flexible printed substrate is connected to anexternal printed substrate.

(13) The flexible printed substrate has a protruding portion thatprotrudes into the arrangement gap between the drain drivers, and anelectronic component is mounted to this protruding portion.

(14) The edge of the FPC is allowed to slightly protrude from the edgeof one of the substrates of the liquid crystal panel. According to thisarrangement, it is possible to prevent the liquid crystal panel fromdirectly striking a cassette or a tray during the production process andfrom being damaged, or to prevent static electricity from entering thedrain lines.

In the construction according to the prior art, the various signals andpower that are necessary for display such as the data signals (data,gray scale voltage, clock signals) are supplied to the drain drivers(inclusive of the gate drivers; hereinafter called merely the “drivers”;too) mounted to one of the substrates of the liquid crystal panelthrough the flexible printed substrate. In contrast, in the constructionaccording to the present invention, the lines for supplying the datasignals (data, clock signals, gray scale voltage) other than power amongthe various signals and power described above are directly formed on oneof the substrates of the liquid crystal panel, and the flexible printedsubstrate FPC is mainly used for supplying power as can be clearlyunderstood from the construction described above.

The lines of the data signals and the power supply lines on the gatedriver side are directly formed on the lower substrate. Therefore, theflexible printed substrate can be used for only supplying power on thedrain driver side. It is thus possible to reduce the number ofcomponents and to facilitate the assembly work.

To supply the data signals and power to the gate driver side, a smallflexible printed substrate sheet for only the connection with theflexible printed substrate on the drain driver side or with theinterface substrate is fitted to the drain driver side or, if necessary,to the gate driver side. In this way, the size of the flexible printedsubstrate on the gate driver side can be substantially reduced.

The lines on the substrate of the liquid crystal panel are so arrangedas to connect the drivers adjacent to one another, and the clocks, thedata and the gray scale voltages are transferred in each driver to thedrivers of the following stages by the bucket relay system.

If this connection is made merely through the drivers, the resistancesof the lines formed on the substrate are so high that the liquid crystaldisplay device fails to operate normally. In each of the constructionsdescribed above, therefore, the present invention drives the liquidcrystal display device in the ways listed below.

1) A buffer is disposed inside the driver for the digital signals suchas clock and data signals, and each signal is sent to the followingstage after it is buffered.

2) The signal waveforms to the drivers of the following stage areselected so that the time constant .tau. of the signal line satisfiessubstantially the equation .tau.=(t.sub.cycle−t.sub.set−t.sub.hold)/2 tomake the waveform appropriately dull. Symbols t.sub.cycle, t.sub.setupand t.sub.hold will be explained later.

3) If the buffers are merely disposed, the variance of the delay timeinside the driver accumulates before each signal reaches the rearmostdrain driver, in particular, among the drivers that are connected by thebucket system or in a row with the result that a sufficient timingmargin cannot be secured in some cases. Therefore, a flip-flop acquiresthe data for each driver, and the data is sent to the driver of thefollowing stage after timing is aligned.

4) To lower the operation frequency of the clock, the present inventionemploys a so-called “dual edge operation” that acquires the data insynchronism with both rise and fall edges of the clock.

5) In the case of the dual edge operation, the change timing of the datawhen, the data is outputted to the driver of the following stage must begenerated inside the driver. Therefore, this change timing is generatedas the delay is generated in the clock inside the driver, the setup/holdtime necessary for the next driver to acquire the data is secured.

6) Another method for securing the setup/hold time of the driver of thefollowing stage is to change the resistance of the lines between thedrivers by means of the clock and the data. When the wiring resistanceof the clock is increased to make the waveform greatly dull, the wiringdelay becomes great, and timing margin of the driver of the followingstage can be secured as much.

7) Still another method of securing the setup/hold time renders thedrivers operable even when the setup time of the driver of the followingstage is below 0. According to this method, the normal operation can beinsured even when the change timing of the data and the clock issimultaneous.

8) Still another method generates the change timing of the data and theclock to the driver of the following stage by using two-phase clocks thephase of which are different by 90 degrees.

9) When the two-phase clocks are used, the date is divided into twogroups and two clocks acquire the halves of the data, respectively. Inthis way, the number of simultaneous switching of the data can bedecreased to the half and the noise to the power supply can be reduced.In consequence, EMI can be reduced.

10) In the system described above, each driver first acquires the inputdata into the internal registers of its own and does not output the datato the driver of the following stage until its registers become full. Inthis way, useless signal transmission can be omitted, and reduction ofboth power consumption and EMI can be achieved.

11) In the construction 10) described above, the data must pass throughthe bucket relay of the number of drivers to reach the object driverafter the data to the rearmost driver is outputted from TCON. Therefore,TCON must keep outputting the clocks of the number corresponding to(number of clocks necessary for bucket-relaying one driver.times.numberof drivers) after the final data is transmitted.

12) When TCON is mounted by so-called “bare chip mounting” to one ofsubstrates of the liquid crystal panel in the same was as the driver IC,the mounting area of the peripheral circuits can be reducedadvantageously.

13) When TCON is of the LVDS receiver integration type in this instance,the number of input terminals of TCON (=one of the substrates: number ofterminals for connecting the lines on the TFT substrate to the externalprinted substrate) can be drastically reduced, and mounting becomeseasier. This is more advantageous for reducing the mounting area of theperipheral circuit.

14) When TCON is mounted by bare chip mounting to the TFT substrate, themounting position is rationally the corner at which the side having thedrain drivers mounted thereto crosses the side having the gate driversmounted thereto. According to this arrangement, the signal lines can bewired (on the TFT substrate) to both drain and gate drivers in theshortest distance.

15) The bucket relay system among the drivers is also employed also forthe gray scale voltage lines as the analog lines. A current, thoughlimited, generally flows from the gray scale voltage input to the DACsection inside the driver in both R-DAC system and C-DAC system. Sincethe wiring pattern on the liquid crystal panel has a relatively highresistance, this weak current is likely to cause the shift of the grayscale voltage supplied to the driver, and display quality drops.

To prevent this problem, the current flowing through the gray scalevoltage input terminals must be lowered to a level that does not renderany problem. It is effective for this purpose to dispose a buffer(operational amplifier) at the gray scale voltage input.

16) It is effective from the aspect of efficiency to arrange theterminals for connecting the drivers on the minor side of the driverchip that has not been dealt with as the input terminals. When the inputterminals cannot be arranged fully on the minor side, the major side maybe used, too.

17) The drain lines and the gate lines inside the liquid crystal panelare short-circuited with one another by common lines (short-circuitlines) to prevent the shift of performance due to static electricityduring the production process. The common lines are cut off before theproduct is completed. In the conventional devices, the common lines aresituated below the body of the driver chip and are cut off by means suchas laser.

When the lines are extended outside the outer shape of the product ofthe liquid crystal panel while passing below the body of the driverchip, the common lines can be disposed at a cutting/removing portionoutside the product. In this case, the common lines can be cut offsimultaneously with the cutting process of the substrate (lowersubstrate: glass) of the liquid crystal panel. In consequence, theconventional cutting process by using laser can be omitted, and theproduction cost can be lowered.

18) When the lines for the clock, data and gray scale voltage are, wiredon the lower substrate (TFT substrate), it is fundamentally only thepower supply lines that must be wired on the flexible printed substrate.In any case, the number of lines is only a few. Therefore, even when theflexible printed substrate FPC is not folded to the back of the liquidcrystal panel as has been necessary in the conventional system, therequired portion is only the width of the compression-bonding portion tothe liquid crystal panel. In this case, the construction can besimplified and the outer dimension of the liquid crystal display devicecan be reduced. Because the assembly work can be simplified, the cost ofproduction can be reduced.

19) In the case 18) described above, when the back of thecompression-bonding portion of the flexible printed substrate FPC to theliquid crystal panel is utilized for wiring, design of the flexibleprinted substrate FPC becomes easier and the cost can be lowered.

20) The flexible printed substrate described above basically has astraight shape (simple straight shape) the width of which is only thewidth of the compression-bonding portion, but a small number ofelectronic components such as a chip capacitor must be mounted in manycases to this portion. In this case, the electronic components becomethe obstacle for compression bonding of FPC. Therefore, the flexibleprinted substrate FBC is provided with a portion that protrudes into thearrangement gap between the drivers, and the electronic components canbe mounted to this protruding portion without any problem.

Furthermore, the present invention omits the flexible printed substrateFPC, that has been used in the past on the gate side, by forming thedata lines and the power supply lines on the gate driver side into asubstrate shape. The present invention thus decreases the number ofcomponents and simplifies the assembly work. The present invention usesa single-layered flexible printed substrate FPC having only the powersupply lines as FPC on the drain driver side, and thus simplifies theconstruction of the drain driver side FPC. Consequently, the presentinvention can reduce the number of components and the number of processsteps of the liquid crystal display device, and can reduce the cost ofproduction.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present inventionmentioned above, should be characterized as follows also. One ofexamples of the liquid crystal display device is described as a liquidcrystal display device comprising, (A) a liquid crystal panel having apair of substrates, between which a liquid crystal layer is interposed,one of the pair of substrates has a plurality of gate lines extending ina first direction, a plurality of drain lines extending in a seconddirection transverse to the first direction, and a plurality of pixelsbeing arranged along the first and second directions (in a matrixmanner), each of the plurality of pixels has a switching element (or, anactive element), (B) a plurality of drain drivers being juxtaposed alongthe first direction and applying gray scale voltage signals to theswitching elements of the plurality of pixels in accordance with displaydata signals, respectively, (C) a plurality of gate drivers beingjuxtaposed along the second direction and controlling the switchingelement, and (D) wiring lines formed on the one of the pair ofsubstrates, respective ones of which supply at least the display datasignals and a clock signal to a first one of the plurality of draindrivers arranged at one end of the one of the pair of substrates andtransfer the display data signals and the clock signal between theplurality of drain drivers in order from the first one of the pluralityof drain drivers, wherein (E) at least one of the plurality of draindrivers has at least one gate circuit being controlled by the clocksignal, by which the display data signals and the clock signal areswitched either (I) to be acquired by “the at least one of the pluralityof drain drivers.” or (II) to be transferred to “another of theplurality of drain drivers” being arranged adjacent to the at least oneof the plurality of drain drivers. Moreover, in accordance with the samebasis mentioned previously, (F) this liquid crystal display device mayfurther comprise a timing converter receiving display data and a timingsignal from an external circuit to the liquid crystal display device andgenerating the display data signals and the clock signal in accordancewith the display data and the timing signal, (G) the at least one gatecircuit may be provided for each of the plurality of the drain drivers,or (H) the at least one gate circuit may be arranged at least one of aninput portion and an output portion of the display data signals and theclock signal provided in the at least one of the plurality of draindrivers in this liquid, crystal display device.

Though the typical construction and operations of, the present inventionhave thus been described, other constructions and operations of thepresent invention will be explained in detail in later-appearingembodiments.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent froth the following description whentaken conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and useful for explaining schematically a construction of a liquidcrystal display device according, to the first embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and useful for explaining the condition where a flexible printedsubstrate is disposed on a drain driver side in the embodiment of thepresent invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a voltage dividing circuit provided tothe drain driver in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of an example of the voltage dividingcircuit of the drain driver in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a mounting example of lines and draindrivers formed on a thin film transistor substrate in the embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram useful for explaining a structural example ofa drain driver of a series supply system according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram useful for explaining another structuralexample of the drain driver of the series supply system according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram useful for explaining still another structuralexample of the drain driver of the series supply system according to thepresent invention;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are waveform diagrams useful for explaining timeconstants of signals propagating through signal lines connecting thedrivers, and for explaining a liquid crystal display device according tothe second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A shows atime constant of a pixel clock signal and FIG. 9B does a time constantof a data signal;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram useful for explaining a structural example ofinternal circuits of a drain driver and for explaining a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the third embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are waveform diagrams at the time of acquisition ofdata by a drain driver in a liquid crystal display device according, tothe third embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 11A shows awaveform of a pixel clock signal and FIG. 11B does a waveform of a datasignal;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram useful for explaining a structural example ofinternal circuits of a drain driver in a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 13A and 13B are waveform diagrams of data and a clock when dataacquisition is made at dual edges in the construction shown in FIG. 10,wherein FIG. 13A shows the case of a pixel clock signal and FIG. 13Bdoes the case of a data signal;

FIGS. 14A and 14B are waveform diagrams when a pixel clock is delayed bya delay device at the time of data acquisition at dual edges and a setuptime/hold time is regulated by, regulating a wiring resistanceconnecting drain drivers, wherein FIG. 14A shows the case of a pixelclock signal and FIG. 14B does the case of a data signal;

FIGS. 15A and 15B are waveform diagrams of a pixel clock signal and adata signal and are useful for explaining a liquid crystal displaydevice according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention,wherein FIG. 15A shows the pixel clock signal and FIG. 15B does the datasignal;

FIGS. 16A and 16B are waveform diagrams of a pixel clock signal and adata signal and useful for explaining a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG.16A shows the pixel clock signal and FIG. 15B shows the data signal;

FIGS. 17A and 17B are explanatory views of drain drivers and are usefulfor explaining a liquid crystal display device according to the seventhembodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 17A shows a structuralexample of an internal circuit of the drain driver and FIG. 17B showsthe arrangement of the drain drivers;

FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view useful for explaining a liquid crystalpanel in a liquid crystal display device according to the eighthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view useful for explaining a terminal arrangementof drain drivers in a liquid crystal display device according to theeleventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a plan view of the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the twelfth embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 22 is a plan view of the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquid crystaldisplay device according to the fourteenth embodiment of the presentinvention in the same way as in FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the principal portions of a liquidcrystal, panel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquidcrystal display panel according to the fourteenth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 24 is a sectional view of the principal portions of a liquidcrystal panel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquidcrystal display device according to the fifteenth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the principal portions of a liquidcrystal panel and is useful for explaining schematically a liquidcrystal display device according to the sixteenth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic plan view showing in enlargement a half of amounting portion of a drain driver on the input side;

FIG. 27 is a schematic plan view showing in enlargement a half of amounting portion of a drain driver on the output side;

FIG. 28 is an explanatory view of output lines of a drain driveraccording to, the prior art;

FIG. 29 is an explanatory view of a structure of output lines of a draindriver and is useful for explaining a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is an explanatory view of a conventional connection of a draindriver and FPC lines;

FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of a connection structure of a draindriver and FPC lines and is useful for explaining schematically thetwenty-first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view of a connection structure of a draindriver and FPC lines and is useful for further explaining thetwenty-first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is an explanatory view of a connection structure of a draindriver and FPC lines and is useful for further explaining thetwenty-first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 31;

FIG. 34 is a structural, view of the principal portions around lines ofa lower substrate and a flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a structural view of the principal portions around lines of alower substrate and a flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 36 is a structural view of the principal portions around lines of alower substrate and a flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 37 is a structural view of the principal portions around lines of alower substrate and a flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a liquidcrystal display device;

FIG. 39 is an explanatory view of the flow of display data between ahost computer and a controller section of a liquid crystal displaydevice;

FIG. 40 is an explanatory view of a portable notebook type personalcomputer as an example of an information processing apparatus having aliquid, crystal display device of the present invention mounted thereto;

FIG. 41 is an appearance view showing an example of a desktop typemonitor having a liquid crystal display device of the present inventionmounted thereto;

FIG. 42 is a block diagram useful for explaining a structural example ofa driving circuit in an active matrix type liquid crystal displaydevice;

FIGS. 43A and 43B are explanatory views of horizontal direction timingabout display control in FIG. 38, wherein FIG. 43A is a time chart ofsignals inputted to a timing converter and FIG. 43B is a timing chart ofsignals outputted from the timing converter;

FIGS. 44A and 44B are explanatory views of vertical direction timingabout display control in FIG. 38, wherein FIG. 44A is a time chart ofsignals inputted to a timing converter and FIG. 44B is a time chart ofsignals outputted from the timing converter; and

FIG. 45 is an explanatory view of a mounting example of a drain driver,a gate driver and an interface substrate in a liquid crystal displaydevice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explainedhereinafter in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel and is useful for schematically explaining the construction of aliquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of thepresent invention.

A display area AR occupies substantially the whole area of a lowersubstrate (glass substrate) constituting the liquid crystal panel. Eachdrain driver IC2 is mounted to the outer edge of the lower side.(Incidentally, the drain driver IC2 may be mounted to the outer edge ofthe upper side. Alternatively, odd- and even-numbered drain drivers maybe alternately mounted to the outer edges of the upper and lower sides.)

A timing converter TCON, that constitutes a display controllerintegrally having a low voltage differential signal reception circuit ismounted to the outer edge of the left side of FIG. 1. The timingconverter TCON is of a so-called LVDS (low voltage differential signal)circuit integration type. However, a known TCON may be used, too.

Though not shown in the drawing, a plurality of gate drivers IC1 aredirectly mounted to the lower substrate SUB1 in the same way as thedrain drivers. Data lines for supplying data such as clocks, displaydata, gray scale voltages and so forth (that will be expressed merely as“data” in the following drawings) to a plurality of drain drivers IC1are formed on the outer edge of the lower substrate SUB1, to which thedrain drivers IC2 are mounted, in such a fashion as to continuouslycouple the drain drivers IC2. Among these lines, the starting ends ofthe clock and display data lines are connected to the TCON mounted tothe outer edge of the left side.

Each drain driver IC2 is connected at the connection point provided onits lower surface to the lines and supplies the data such as the displaydata, the pixel clocks and the gray scale voltages to the downstreamdrain drivers in a bucket relay system. Each drain driver IC2 isconnected to the drain line DL on the far side from the display area AR.The power source lines (inclusive of the grounding lines) to this draindriver IC2 are connected to the lines formed on the flexible printedsubstrate FPC1 on the later-appearing gate driver side.

Terminals for receiving the display signals, the sync signals and thepower supply voltages from an I/F substrate, that is, an interfacesubstrate PCB (See FIG. 45), are provided to the outer edge of the leftside in FIG. 1. These terminals are connected to the interface substratePCB through the flexible printed substrate FPC1 (see FIG. 45).

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the principal portions of a liquid crystalpanel, and is useful for explaining the condition where the flexibleprinted substrate is disposed on the drain driver side in the embodimentof the present, invention shown in FIG. 1. Some of the lines shown inFIG. 1 are omitted in this drawing. The main function required for theflexible printed substrate FPC2 on the drain driver side is mainly toconnect the lines of the power supply. Since the number of lines may besmall and since the substrate need not have a multi-layered wiringstructure, this flexible printed substrate FPC2 needs to have only awidth for assembly W (a width necessary for compression-bonding to theliquid crystal panel). Therefore, the cost and the width can bedrastically reduced in comparison with the conventional liquid crystaldisplay devices.

A part of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 is caused to protrude tothe mounting gap of the drain driver IC2, and an electronic componentsuch as a chip capacitor CHC can be mounted to this protruding portion.

Though the explanation has been given on the construction on the draindriver side, the same construction can be employed on the gate driverside, too.

According to, this embodiment, the expensive multi-layered flexibleprinted substrate that has been used in the conventional liquid crystaldevices is not at all necessary. Therefore, the overall cost of theliquid crystal display device and the width of the flexible printedsubstrate can be reduced easily and drastically. Therefore, thereduction of the frame can be easily accomplished in combination withthe COG system (or an FCA system: flip-chip system) of the drivers (thedrain drivers and the gate drivers).

This embodiment can output a greater number of gray scale voltages thanthe number of gray scale voltages inputted to the conventional draindrivers. For example, the inputs are 5 (or 10 for positive and negativevoltages) and the outputs are 64 gray scales (or 128 levels for positiveand negative voltages).

To achieve the multiple gray scale voltages, described above, each draindriver is equipped with a voltage dividing circuit. FIG. 3 is anexplanatory view of the voltage dividing circuit provided to the draindriver. Symbol IC2 represents the drain driver, and the voltage dividingcircuit comprises a ladder resistor. The gray scale voltages (Vref1,Vref2) inputted to the ladder resistor is divided by means ofresistor-division to generate a large number of voltage outputs.Incidentally, capacitance division can also be used besides suchresistance division.

In this construction, however, an inflow current i flows from one of thegray scale voltages Vref1 (V0) to the other Vref2 (V1) and the inputgray scale voltages (Vref1 and Vref2) fluctuate with the result that thegray scale voltage output as the division output fluctuates and invitesdisplay non-uniformity.

To avoid fluctuation of the gray scale voltage outputs, the presentinvention inserts a buffer amplifier (an operation amplifier) on theinput side of the gray scale voltage.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of another example of the voltage dividingcircuit of the drain driver IC2 in the embodiment of the presentinvention. A buffer amplifier BA is disposed on the input side of eachgray scale voltage Vref1, Vref2 as shown in the drawing. In thisconstruction, the current flowing through the voltage dividing circuit(the ladder resistor circuit) is supplied from the buffer amplifier BA.Therefore, the inflow current i does not flow from one of the gray scalevoltage inputs Vref1 (V0) to the other Vref2 (V1), that occurs in thecase of FIG. 3, and no fluctuation develops in the gray scale voltageoutput generated by resistance division.

Because the impedance on the input side of the buffer amplifier BA isextremely high, the inflow current from the gray scale voltage inputterminal Vref can be substantially neglected. Therefore, the occurrenceof display non-uniformity resulting from fluctuation of the gray scalevoltage input Vref can be checked even when high resistance wiring onthe thin film transistor substrate (TFT substrate) SUB1 is used.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a mounting example of the lines and thedrain drivers formed over the thin, film transistor substrate in theembodiment of the present invention. This drawing shows two draindrivers IC2 and IC2 that are adjacent to each other. Symbol GVLrepresents a voltage dividing circuit that corresponds to a gray scalevoltage generating circuit that will be explained, later with referenceto FIG. 6. Each drain driver IC2, IC2 is connected to the lines (shownas the wiring over the TFT substrate in the drawing) formed over thethin film transistor substrate SUB1 in the construction shown in thedrawing. A buffer amplifier BA is interposed between the gray voltageinput line over the TFT substrate and the input terminal of the voltagedividing circuit GVL of each drain driver IC2, IC2.

In this embodiment, the number of the gray voltage input lines (Vreflines) is 5 for each of the positive and the negative voltages, or 10 inall, as described already, but, this number is of course not limitative.

FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram useful for explaining in detail astructural example of a series supply system drain driver. In FIG. 6, aplurality of drain drivers IC2, . . . are shown connected in series bylines formed on the lower substrate. IC2 on the left side of the drawingis a drain driver of a preceding stage and IC2 on the right side is adrain driver of a following stage.

The display data DATA0, DATA1, the clocks CL1, CL2, the inversion signalM and the gray scale voltages V0, V1 that are inputted from the draindriver IC2 of the preceding stage are supplied to the drain driver ofthe following stage through the lines on the lower substrate thatmutually connect the drain drivers.

In this embodiment, eighteen display data lines exist originally but thedrawing shows only two lines DATA0 and DATA1 to simplify theillustration. Similarly, the drawing shows only two of the ten grayscale voltage lines.

Each drain driver IC2 comprises flip-flops FF1 a, FF1 b, a gray scalevoltage generating circuit GVL, a clock controlling circuit CC, a latchcircuit (1) LT1, a latch circuit (2) LT2, a level shifter LS, a decoderDEC and a buffer amplifier BA.

Display data DATA0, DATA1 are latched by the latch circuit (1) LT1through the flip-flops FF1 a, FF1 b, are inputted to the decoder DECthrough the latch circuit (2) LT2 and the level shifter LS under controlof the clock controlling circuit, and are converted to a predetermineddisplay voltage on the basis of the gray scale voltage from the grayscale voltage generating circuit GVL. The output of the decoder DEC isapplied to the drain line DL of the liquid crystal panel through thebuffer amplifier BA.

FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram useful for explaining stillanother structural example of the series supply system drain driveraccording to the present invention. In this construction, CL2 as thepixel clock is two-phase clocks CL-2A and CL2-B and is the same as FIG.6 with exception of this point.

FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram useful for explaining stillanother structural example of the series supply system drain driveraccording to the present invention. In this construction, the pixelclock CL2 has two phases and the display data is outputted after beingdivided into two groups. The construction is the same as that of FIG. 7with exception of this point.

The waveforms of the signals (clocks, data) propagating through thelines connecting the drivers become dull when the resistance of thelines is too high, and the data cannot be applied normally. When theresistance is too low, on the other hand, the high frequency componentsoccurring during, signal transfer generate electromagnetic interferencewaves, that is, unnecessary radiation (EMI). In this construction,components to cope with this problem such as an EMI filter cannot beinserted into the lines connecting the drain drivers IC1. To solve thisproblem, the present invention takes the following measures for thewaveforms.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are waveform diagrams useful for explaining the timeconstants of signals propagating through the signal lines connecting thedrivers in the liquid crystal display device according, to the secondembodiment of the present invention. The waveform shown, in FIG. 9Arepresents the pixel clock and, the waveform of FIG. 9B does the displaydata. The waveforms are those of the system that inputs the data at thefall edge of the pixel clock CL2.

Symbol t cycle represents the cycle of the pixel clock and the data isinputted in synchronism with the fall of this clock. The time constant.tau. of the signal line is so set as to substantially satisfy therelation τ=(t_(cycle)−t_(setup)−t_(hold))/2 and to render appropriatelythe waveform dull. This is the condition that is set from the aspect of“rendering the waveform dull to maximum while the timing margin at whichthe driver can normally operate is secured”.

Here, t_(setup) and t_(hold) are the minimum necessary setup time andhold time required for the drain driver to normally acquire the data.

This embodiment can secure the normal operation of the driver, and canreduce EMI by rendering the waveform dull.

Incidentally, each signal is delayed by a signal delay component insidethe driver in the bucket relay system driver construction, and thisdelay amount has variance for each signal line. This variance includesvariance of design of the driver, variance of production, varianceresulting from the fluctuation of the operation depending on the ambientconditions such as the operation temperature.

When variance of the delay amount becomes great, the timing marginrequired by the driver cannot be secured and the driver fails sometimesto acquire the correct data. Therefore, if the driver ICs (particularly,the drain drivers) are merely connected in the bucket relay system, thedelay amount accumulates in each driver and the operation of the driversof following stages becomes more unstable when they acquire the data.When the flip-flops FF1 a and FF1 b are disposed on the input side asshown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the delay can be covered to a certain extent, butthe present invention further employs the following construction.

FIG. 10 is a block circuit diagram useful for explaining a structuralexample of internal circuits of the drain drivers in the liquid crystaldisplay device according to the third embodiment of the presentinvention. This drawing shows only the principal portions (in the sameway, as in the later-appearing drawings) because FIGS. 6 to 8 depict theoverall construction. In the drawings, symbol IC2 represents a draindriver. Flip-flops FF2 a and FF2 b are disposed on the output side (onthe side of a driver of a following stage), too, in addition to theflip-flops FF1 a and FF1 b on the input side (on the side of a driver ofa preceding stage) in the drain driver.

The number of lines of the display data is 20+α for XGA, for example(including the inversion signal of the clock CL1, etc). The number offlip-flops (FF1 a, FF1 b, FF2 a, FF2 b) disposed on the input side andthe output respectively, is the same as the number of these signals.

The latch circuit (1) LT1 acquires the data from the drain driver of apreceding stage in synchronism with the pixel clock CL2 in theflip-flops FF1 a and FF1 b. The output is given to the drain driver of afollowing stage in synchronism with the clock CL2 in the flip-flops FF2a to FF2 b.

The flip-flops shown in the drawing are of the D type, but they may beof other types. It is also possible to employ the construction in whichthe flip-flops FF2 a and FF2 b are disposed on only the output side (notshown in the drawing).

According to this construction, the delay amount does not accumulate ineach driver. In consequence, all the drivers can normally operate, theerroneous acquisition, of the data can be avoided and stable display canbe obtained.

The display data is applied to the drain driver in synchronism with thefall of the pixel clock. Because one data is applied in one cycle of thepixel clock, the frequency of the pixel clock becomes higher asresolution becomes higher; and the problem of EMI (interference of theelectromagnetic waves to outside) cannot be neglected. The presentinvention reduces EMI in the following way.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are waveform diagrams when the drain driver acquiresdisplay data in the liquid crystal display device according to the thirdembodiment of the present invention. In the circuit construction shownin FIG. 6, this embodiment acquires the display data shown in FIG. 11Bat both rise and fall edges of the pixel clock shown in FIG. 11A (dualedge acquisition). In other words, the former half of the display datashown in FIG. 11B is acquired at the fall edge of the pixel clock shownin FIG. 11A and its latter half, at the rise edge of the pixel clock. InFIGS. 11A and 11B, VIH, VIL, t_(setup) and t_(hold) have the samemeaning as in FIGS. 9A and 9B. This embodiment can halve the pixel clockfrequency and can reduce EMI as much.

In the case of acquisition of the display data at the dual edges of thepixel clock described above, it is sometimes difficult to output thesignal having the timing explained with reference to FIG. 10 from thedrain driver. Since the clock during operation has the frequencycorresponding to the half of the normal frequency, the timing forchanging the display data to be outputted to the drain driver of thefollowing stage is difficult to secure in the flip-flops FF2 a and FF2 bof the output stage. (In the case of the normal single edge, the drivercan change the display data without any problem at the timing of theclock edge that is not used for acquiring the display data. In the caseof FIG. 10, for example, the output data is changed at the timing of therise edge of the pixel clock.)

FIG. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram useful for explaining internalcircuits of the drain driver in the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, a delay device dL is disposed at the output stage of theclock wiring (clock line). This delay device can be constituted by knownmeans that connects a plurality of inverter circuits in series, forexample.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are waveform diagrams of the display data signal (FIG.13B) and the pixel clock signal (FIG. 13A) when the data is acquired bythe dual edge system in the construction shown in FIG. 10. As shown inFIGS. 13A and 13B, the setup time t_(setup)/hold time t_(hold) cannot besecured in this case.

FIGS. 14A and 14B show the case where the pixel clock is delayed by thedelay device dL (see FIG. 14B) when the display data is acquired by thedual edge system (see FIG. 14B). The drawings also show the waveformswhen the wiring resistance connecting the drain drivers is adjusted soas to adjust the setup time t_(setup)/hold time t_(hold). In this way,the timing requirement for acquiring the data can be secured.

The wiring resistance can be adjusted by known means such as lasertrimming that changes the wiring width, length or thickness.Alternatively, it can be adjusted by changing the wiring material. Inthis way, the wiring delay amount can be adjusted.

Digital ICs in general require a certain total time of the setup timet_(setup) and the hold time t_(hold) at the time of acquisition of thedata. A design change is relatively easy to sacrifice one of them so asto shorten the other. Therefore, when the construction that sets thenecessary setup time to 0 (or below) is employed (though the necessaryhold time becomes longer as much), the display data can be acquiredwithout problem even in the case of the waveform shown in FIG. 13A.Needless to say, the hold time may be reduced to 0 or below at thesacrifice of the setup time.

According to this embodiment, because the setup time (or the hold time)necessary for the drain driver to acquire the display data is 0 orbelow, it is possible to secure the setup time t_(setup)/hold timet_(hold) at the time of data acquisition without any specificcontrivance on the display data sending side.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are waveform diagrams of the display data and thepixel clock and are useful for explaining the liquid crystal displaydevice according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15A,two-phase pixel clocks A and B the phases of which are different by 90degrees are supplied from TCON. When a drain driver of a preceding stageoutputs the display data to a drain driver of a following stage in FIG.15B, the data outputted in synchronism with the edge of one of the pixelclocks is changed, and the other pixel clock is sent as an operationclock for the drain driver of the following stage. In other words, inFIG. 14A, the data outputted in synchronism with both edges of the clockA is changed. The receiving side acquires the display data insynchronism with both edges of the clock B. In consequence, thesetup/hold time can be secured when the drain driver of the followingstage acquires the display data, by increasing one clock line.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are waveform diagrams of the display data and thepixel clock and are useful for explaining the liquid display deviceaccording to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIGS. 16A and 16B, the input and output terminals for the display dataare divided into two sets, respectively. One of the two-phase pixelclocks latches one set of the data and the other does the data of thesecond set. In the data group A in FIG. 15B, the data outputted insynchronism with both edges of the clock A shown in FIG. 15A is changed.The receiving side acquires the display data in synchronism with bothedges of the clock B shown in B in FIG. 15A.

As represented by C in FIG. 15B, the data group B changes the data to beoutputted, in synchronism with both edges of the pixel clock B, and thereceiving side acquires the data in synchronism with both edges of thepixel clock A as represented by D in FIG. 15A.

When the lines for the display data are divided into two sets and arechanged at different timings, the power supply and the ground (GND)become stable and EMI can be reduced.

FIGS. 17A and 17B are explanatory views of the drain driver in theliquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment of thepresent invention. FIG. 17A is a block circuit diagram showing astructural example of internal circuits of the drain driver and FIG. 17Bis an explanatory view of the arrangement and operation of the draindriver.

In this embodiment, gates GATa, GATb and GATc are disposed at thedisplay data output and the pixel clock output of the drain driver IC2as shown in FIG. 17A. These gates GATa, GATb and GATc inhibit the supplyof the display data and the clock to the drain driver of the followingstage when the drain, driver IC2 acquires the display data of its own,and start supplying the display data and the pixel clock to the drain,driver of the following stage when the internal register inside its own,that is, the latch circuit (1) LT1, becomes full.

In the construction shown in FIG. 17B, a gate GAT1 to GAT5 comprisingthe GATa, GATb, GATc shown in FIG. 17A is disposed on the output side ofeach drain driver DD1 to DD5 comprising the drain driver IC2. The timingconverter ICON first outputs the display data for the drain driver DD1.In this instance, the gate GT1 of the driver DD1 is inhibited and theoutput terminal to the drain driver DD2 of the following stage isnon-driving. Quite naturally; all the drain drivers DD3, DD4, and so on,subsequent to the drain driver DD2, do not operate at all and are atrest.

When the drain driver DD1 finishes acquiring the display data it mustacquire, it opens the gate GAT1, drives the output terminal of the draindriver DD2 and lets this drain driver DD2 start acquiring the displaydata. Under this condition, both drain drivers DD1 and DD2 are under theoperating condition (with DD1 being merely sending the data).

Finishing acquiring the display data, the drain driver DD2 brings thedata line to the drain driver DD3 into the driving condition.Thereafter, the display data is supplied serially in the same way to thedrain drivers DD3, DD4, and so forth.

According to this construction, each drain driver does not execute theunnecessary operation and can achieve lower power consumption. Also, EMIto external equipment can be reduced.

Incidentally, the flip-flops FF1 a, FF1 b, FF2 a and FF2 b are providedon both input and output sides of the display data of the drain driverand the delay device DL is disposed on the output side of the pixelclock line in FIG. 17A. However, it is also possible to employ theconstruction wherein the flip-flops FF1 a, FF1 b, FF2 a and FF2 b aredisposed on only either one of the input and output sides of the data,or the construction in which the delay device dL is not disposed.

The detailed construction corresponds to the construction in which thegates GATa; GATb and GATc shown in FIG. 17A are added to the displaydata output side and the pixel clock output side of the drain driversshown in FIGS. 6 to 8.

The eighth embodiment of the present invention employs a construction toexecute the following operation. When the input operation of the imageclock from the timing converter TCON is started, the drain driver doesnot acquire its own, display data but transfers merely the signal to thedrain driver of the following stage. Only after receiving the carriersignal from the drain driver of the following stage, the drain driverstarts acquiring the display data of its own.

At this time, driving of the display data line and the pixel clock lineof the following stage is stopped. When the internal registers of itsown become full, the drain driver sends the carry signal to the draindriver of the preceding stage. As this operation is repeated, thedisplay data is packed to the drain drivers situated at far positions(remote end) from the timing converter TCON.

Drain driver ICs in general have the function of selecting from whichside the inputted display data is to be packed into the internalregister (latch circuit) so that the drivers can be mounted to either ofthe upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal panel. In thisembodiment, the flow of the signals is basically unidirectional, andthis function cannot be materialized when the sequence of packing thedisplay data into the internal registers is merely changed. Therefore,this embodiment employs the construction in which the drain drivers ICat the remote end of the drain driver group connected in series firststarts receiving the display data and when its internal registers becomefull, the carrier signal is sent serially to the drain driver of apreceding stage. Receiving the carry signal, the drain driver ICrecognizes its turn and starts acquiring the display data into theinternal registers of its own. At this time, the drain driver IC stopsdriving the data lines to the following stage(s) that has becomeunnecessary any more. This construction can be materialized on the basisof the construction shown in FIG. 17A.

The ninth embodiment of the present invention employs a construction toexecute the following construction. In each of the foregoing,embodiments described above, the timing converter TCON outputsexcessively the clocks corresponding to at least (internal latency perdriver)×(number of IC chips) after sending the final data and then slopsoutputting the clocks.

In the drain drivers having the internal construction shown, in FIG. 10,one clock is necessary whenever each flip-flop operates. In this case,several clocks are necessary before the data inputted to a certaindriver is outputted to a driver of the following state (2 clocks in theconstruction shown in FIG. 10).

Therefore, to send the data to the drain driver at the far end from thetithing converter TCON, the number of required clocks is (number ofclocks required for, each drain driver).times.(number of drains) beforethe data outputted from the timing converter TCON reaches the draindriver at the far end.

At least the number of clocks described above is essentially necessary,but the clocks are thereafter not always necessary. Therefore, if theoutput from TCON is stopped, both power consumption and EMI can bereduced.

FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view useful, for explaining the liquidcrystal display device according to the tenth embodiment of the presentinvention. In this embodiment, the timing converter TCON used in each ofthe foregoing embodiments is mounted to one of the substrates of theliquid crystal panel PNL, that is, to the TFT substrate SUB1 as thelower substrate, by so-called “bare chip mounting”.

The timing converter TCON is the components having the greatest size(package size) among the electronic components used for the liquidcrystal display device, and renders a large obstacle to accomplishminiaturization of the liquid crystal display device.

In this embodiment, the timing converter TCON is mounted by bar chipmounting to the lower substrate SUB1 of the liquid crystal panel PNL.The mounting position is suitably a corner, portion at which themounting side of the drain driver IC2 and the mounting side of the gatedriver IC1 are adjacent to each other, from the aspect of spaceefficiency, but this position is not particularly restrictive. Since theoutput signal of the timing converter TCON is supplied to both draindriver and gate driver, however, the wiring length can be shortened whenthe timing converter TCON is mounted to the corner that is close to bothdrivers. EMI can be reduced, too, in this case. This embodimentfacilitates miniaturization of the liquid crystal display device.

In the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, the timingconverter TCON is of an LVDS receiver integration type. The LVDSintegration type TCON has a drastically smaller number of inputterminals than other TCONs. When TCON of the types other than the LVDSintegration type is directly mounted to the substrate of the liquidcrystal panel, the number of terminals for connecting the liquid crystalpanel to the interface substrate does not much change in comparison withconventional types in which the TCON is mounted to the interfacesubstrate. When the LVDS integration type TCON is directly mounted tothe substrate of the liquid crystal panel as in this embodiment, thenumber of terminals becomes drastically smaller. In consequence,reliability can be improved through enlargement of the connection pitch.Because the number of connector pins for connection can be reduced, too,the cost can be reduced.

In the twelfth embodiment of the present invention, a buffer amplifierBA is disposed at the input terminal of each gray scale voltage V0, V1of the drain driver as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, and the gray scale voltageis supplied by a sequential series system, or a so-called “bucket relaysystem”, between the drain drivers.

The number of the gray scale voltage inputs is great and next to that ofthe display data inputs. If they need not be wired through the flexibleprinted substrate FPC, the production cost can be further reduced.Generally, however, the wiring resistance on the liquid crystal panel ishigh and a current of a certain degree flows through the gray scalevoltage input terminals (in either of so-called “R-DAC system” and“C-DAC system”). These current and resistance value on the liquidcrystal panel invite the shift of the gray scale input voltage from adesired voltage. In consequence, non-uniform display occurs in eachdrain driver.

When the buffer amplifiers are disposed for the gray scale voltage inputterminals as in this embodiment, the input current described above canbe reduced to the negligible level, and the occurrence of displaynon-uniformity can be avoided.

Incidentally, it is also possible to dispose a sample-and-hold circuiton the gray scale voltage input side of the drain driver so that aplurality of gray scale voltages can be supplied on the time divisionbasis. Generally, ten to twenty gray scale voltage input terminals areused, but when the time division input system is used, only one grayscale voltage input terminal needs be used. In this case, the gray scalevoltage outputted from the display control device is of the series type.This can be accomplished by a known circuit construction technology. Asa result, the number of wiring lines can be decreased, and the framesize and the cost of the liquid crystal panel can be reduced.

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the terminal arrangement of the driversand is useful for explaining the thirteenth embodiment of the presentinvention. In this embodiment, the terminals for driving the liquidcrystal panel (drain line driving terminals) among the output terminalsof the drain drive IC2 s are assorted to both major sides of the draindriver IC2 chip in such a fashion that the terminal bumps are uniformlydistributed inside both major sides of the chip. The terminal bumpsnecessary for exchanging the signals with the drain drivers of thepreceding and following drain drivers are arranged on both minor sidesof the chip.

When the terminal bumps exist non-uniformly inside the IC chip, thepressure does not act uniformly on each terminal bump and eventuallyinvites a connection defect at the time of connection by ACF(anisotropic conductive film).

The construction of this embodiment can mitigate the area of theterminal bumps and can therefore insure connection having highreliability.

FIG. 20 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for typically explaining the fourteenth embodimentof the present invention. The display area AR occupies substantially thewhole area of the lower substrate (glass substrate) SUB1 thatconstitutes the liquid crystal panel. In FIG. 20, symbol IC2A representsthe mounting position of the drain driver IC2.

As shown in FIG. 20, the drain line DL is extended to the end portion ofthe lower substrate SUB1 of the liquid crystal panel PLN below themounting position ICA2 (below the body of the IC) of the drain driverIC2 and is connected to a short-circuit line (common line) ST that isrequired for the production process and is formed at the substrateportion thereafter to be cut and removed. When the short-circuit line iscut at the time of cutting and removal of the lower substrate SUB1during the production process of the liquid crystal panel, the drainline DL is separated into individual lines.

In the production process of the liquid crystal panel PNL, performanceof thin film transistors is likely to fluctuate due to staticelectricity, thereby inviting the occurrence of image quality defects.To prevent this problem, a short-circuit line (common line) ST forshort-circuiting each drain line is formed at the cut-off portion of thelower substrate SUB1 as shown in FIG. 17A. In the conventional liquidcrystal panels, this short-circuit line (common line) is disposed at thechip mounting portion of the drain driver (below the body of the chip),and is cut off by means such as laser immediately before the chip ismounted.

In this embodiment, the input terminal bumps are not formed on the sideclose to the end face of the lower substrate SUB1. Therefore, the drainline DL is connected to the short-circuit line (common line) ST that isextended below the body of the chip and is disposed at the position tobe finally cut and removed.

Incidentally, the system using TCP originally includes the drain linesand the short-circuit lines (common lines) formed as shown in FIG. 20.When it is mounted to FCA, however, each output line cannot be extendedto the end side of the lower substrate SUB1 because the input terminalbumps are obstacles. Therefore, cutting by means of laser, or the like,described above has been indispensable in the past.

The construction according to this embodiment eliminates the necessityfor cutting the short-circuit line (common line) by laser, etc, and canreduce the number of the production steps and the production cost.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining typically the fifteenth embodiment ofthe present invention. The display region AR occupies substantially thewhole area of the lower substrate (glass substrate) constituting theliquid crystal panel. A terminal line to which the drain driver IC2 ismounted is formed at the outer edge of the lower side.

As shown in FIG. 21, the lines for the pixel clocks, the display dataand the gray scale voltages that connect the drain drivers 2 with oneanother are formed on the lower substrate SUB1 of the liquid crystalpanel. The power supply and grounding (GND) terminals to each draindriver IC2 protrude by a distance d from the mounting position of thedrain driver IC2 in a direction crossing at right angles the edge of thelower substrate SUB1.

FPC in this embodiment has power supply fines and grounding lines at thepower supply and grounding (GND) terminals. The width W falls within thegap between the edge of the lower substrate SUB1 and the mountingposition of the drain driver IC2. The portion other than the connectionportion with the external printed substrate (the portion adjacent to thegate FPC) has the width that need not be bent to the back of the liquidcrystal panel, and has substantially the same width as thecompression-bonding portion to the lower substrate SUB1.

The lines for the pixel clock, the display data and the gray scalevoltage and the power supply and grounding (GND) lines are formed on theconventional. FPC, and the portions swelling from the liquid crystalpanel are bent and stored to the back of the liquid crystal panel.

In the flexible printed substrate FPC2 according to this embodiment,only the power supply lines (inclusive of the grounding lines) areformed, and the size may be the one shown in the drawing. In addition,since multi-layered wiring is not necessary, the production cost can belowered.

The flexible printed substrate FPC2 can have a simple construction asthe wiring is formed on the back of the compression-bonded portion tothe lower substrate SUB1.

FIG. 22 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for typically explaining the sixteenth embodiment inthe same way as FIG. 21. A part of FPC on the drain driver side, thatis, a projection portion PRJ that can be formed in the gap of the draindrivers IC2 in the arrangement direction, is formed in this embodimentso that electronic components such as chip capacitors CHC can be mountedto this projection portion.

This embodiment can sufficiently secure the mounting space of theelectronic components and makes it easy to mount the electroniccomponents.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining typically the seventeenth embodimentof the present invention.

In this embodiment, the flexible printed substrate FPC2 shown in FIG. 21or 22 is allowed to slightly (by a distance d) protrude outside from theedge of the lower substrate SUB1. Static electricity jumps in many casesinto the lines on the lower substrate SUB1 during the production processof the liquid crystal panel. Static electricity is likely to invadeparticularly when the edge portion of the liquid crystal panel comesinto contact with a conveying device used during the production process,such as a cassette or a tray.

The construction of this embodiment can prevent the edge portion of theliquid crystal, panel, particularly the lower substrate having the TFTformed thereon, from coming into contact with the external conveyingdevices. Therefore, damage of the TFTs due to static electricityparticularly when the drain line DL extends to the edge of the lowersubstrate SUB1 as shown in FIG. 27, can be avoided. This protrudingwidth d can be set arbitrarily in accordance with the size and thethickness of the liquid crystal panel or the flexible printed substrateFPC.

In FIG. 23, invasion of static electricity can be checked moreeffectively when the grounding lines are disposed on the outermost sideamong the lines formed on the flexible printed substrate FPC.

FIG. 24 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining typically the eighteenth embodimentof the present invention. Incidentally, the substrate positioned belowis omitted from the drawing.

In this embodiment, the lines for the series supply system of thedisplay data and the pixel clocks among the drain drivers are directlyformed on the lower substrate SUB1 and are extended from a part of eachof the major and minor sides of the drain driver IC2 chip. Thisconstruction can provide a margin to the gap between the lines andincrease a wiring density. Therefore, this embodiment can reduce theproduction cost.

FIG. 27 is a plan view of the principal portions of the liquid crystalpanel and is useful for explaining typically the nineteenth embodimentof the present invention. In this embodiment, the display data lines,the pixel clock lines and the gray scale voltage lines for connectingthe drain drivers IC2 with one another are connected on the minor sideof the drain driver IC2, and the power source lines are formed in such afashion as to extend from the portion of the major side of the draindriver IC2 adjacent to the minor side in a direction substantiallyparallel to the extending direction of the display data lines, the pixelclock lines and the gray scale voltage lines.

The formation portion (inclusive of the connection portion with theflexible printed substrate FPC2) of the power source lines (inclusive ofthe grounding lines) is positioned at the compression-bonding portion ofthe flexible printed substrate FPC2. In this instance, the lines on theminor side of the drain driver IC2 are formed close to the effectivedisplay region AR of the liquid crystal panel so that the connectionportion between the power supply lines and the flexible printedsubstrate FPC2 can be recessed back from the edge of the lower substrateSUB1 and the frame can be further reduced.

FIGS. 26 and 27 are schematic plan views showing in enlargement themounting portions of the drain drivers, wherein FIG. 26 shows the halfof the drain drivers on the input side and FIG. 27 does the half on theoutput side.

In FIGS. 26 and 27, IC2A1 represents the mounting positions of the draindrivers IC2 having a size specification 1 and IC2A2 does the mountingpositions of the drain drivers IC2 having a size specification 2. Thedrain driver IC2A1 having the size specification 1 is different from thedrain driver IC2A2 having the size specification 2 in the size of theirminor sides. In the explanation that follows, the portions of the draindrivers having the size specification 1 and the size specification 2that are not relevant to the mounting position will be explained asIC2A. The terminal and bump arrangements of the drain drivers on theoutput side are symmetric with the input side. Therefore, theexplanation will be given mainly on the input side.

The lines and input bumps for each display data, each clock signal andeach gray scale voltage signal transferred from a drain driver of apreceding stage are arranged on the major side of each drain driver IC2in the proximity of the minor side of the preceding stage drain driverand the minor side of the display area AR side. Symbol ANL representsthe gray scale voltage signal line for the analog signal, and its bumpis disposed on the major side in the proximity of, the minor side on thedisplay area AR side. Since, the analog wiring may have a highresistance to a certain extent, it is disposed on the major side byreducing its width.

The lines DF for the display data signal as the high-speed digitalsignal and the pixel clock signals CL2 must have a low resistance.Therefore, they are disposed at a part of the major side in theproximity of the minor side of the preceding stage drain driver and theminor side on the display area side AR. The lines DS for the low-speeddigital signals such as the frame clock signal CL1 and the inversionsignal M are interposed between the gray scale voltage line ANL and thehigh speed digital signal line DF on the major side in the proximity ofthe minor side on the display area AR side.

The bumps BP of the drain lines DL as the output lines of the draindriver are naturally disposed on the substrate outer edge side as thesubstrate cutting line side of the drain driver, and the drain lines DLextend, and are wired, through the bumps BP to the common lines ST thedrain lines DL form on the display area AR side and outside thesubstrate cutting line (the portion to be cut and removed).

The bumps BP formed on the minor side input side of the drain driver arearranged zigzag. At the same time, the terminals BP of the drain linesDL, too, are arranged zigzag. These bumps of the zigzag arrangement aresimilarly disposed on the half of the drain driver output side as shownin FIG. 27. The bumps BP formed on the input side minor side, arearranged at the positions reached by moving parallel the bumps on theoutput side minor side.

As shown in FIG. 28, the output lines OUT of the drain driver IC2 areconnected obliquely to the corresponding drain lines DL of the pixelarea AR. Therefore, the wiring length greatly varies depending on thepositions, and the difference occurs in the resistance values of theoblique connection portions. When the difference of the resistancevalues reaches a certain value, it results in the difference of dullnessof the drain waveforms and invites eventual display non-uniformity.

Prior art technologies increase (broaden) the thickness (width) of theoblique lines at the portions where the oblique lines are long (at bothend portions of the drain driver chip) and decrease (narrow) thethickness (width) at the portions where the lines are short (at thecenter of the drain driver chip) so as to adjust the resistance value toa constant value.

When the number of outputs per drain driver chip is increased, however,the difference of the resistance values of the oblique lines becomes sogreat that it cannot be adjusted any longer. The present inventionemploys the following construction to cope with this problem.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory view of the output wiring construction of thedrain driver and is useful for explaining the liquid crystal displaydevice according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention.The output lines OUT are disposed on the side far from the display area(pixel area) AR of the drain driver IC1. In other words, output linesOUT extended obliquely from the display area (pixel area) are furtherextended to the side far from the pixel area AR below the body of thedrain driver IC1.

When this wiring method is employed, the difference of the resistancevalues can be adjusted in the wiring area represented by A in FIG. 29,too, and freedom for adjusting the resistance values to a constant valuecan be improved. When the terminals of the lines are arranged zigzag asrepresented by black circles in FIG. 29, the connection margin with thebumps of the drain driver IC1 can be increased. The common line to copewith static electricity is disposed outside the substrate cutting line,and the output lines OUT are extended and connected to the common lines.In this way, the cutting step of the common lines and the output linesby laser can be omitted.

Power supply terminals are disposed on the major side of the outer sideof the drain driver substrate in the proximity of its minor side. Thesepower supply terminals VCC, GND, VCLD are shaped into a step-like shapeas shown in the drawing. Incidentally, DM1, DM2 and DM3 represent dummyterminals and DPB does dummy bumps.

The bumps of the power supply terminals VCC, GND and VLCD to be formedon the drain driver side are disposed in two rows along the major sideto reduce the connection resistance.

To cope with the drain drivers having different size specifications, theterminal BP of each line of the drain driver on the major side on thedisplay area AR side is disposed at two positions in the direction alongthe minor side of the drain driver.

As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the width of the line for each of thehigh-speed digital signal, the low-speed digital signal and the analogsignal is changed so that the resistance value falls within an allowablerange. The high-speed lines for the display data are disposed with apredetermined gap. The lines for the low-speed digital signals have thesame resistance as that of the lines for the high-speed digital signals.

The bumps to be provided to the high-speed signal lines, the low-speeddigital signal lines and the analog signal lines have different sizes tocorrespond to the line width.

The drain lines DL are extended outside the substrate of the draindriver and are connected to the common lines ST to cope with staticelectricity. Therefore, when the substrate is cut and removed along thecutting line CTL, each drain line is individually separated, and thecutting step of the prior art using the laser beam, etc, is notnecessary. Wiring of the drain lines DL outside the substrate need notalways cross orthogonally the outer edge of the substrate but may beoblique wiring, too.

As described above, the bumps BP corresponding to the drain drivers ofthe two size specifications are formed on the major side on the displayarea side of the mounting position of the drain driver. Therefore, thedrain drivers of the two size specifications can used in common.Generally speaking, miniaturization of the drain drivers of this kinddepends on the reduction of the size of the minor side. According to theconstruction of this embodiment, the drain driver of the sizespecification IC1A1 and the drain driver of the size specification IC1A2can be applied without changing the wiring pattern on the substrateside.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory view of the conventional connection structureof wiring of the drain drivers and the flexible printed substrate.Conventionally, connection of the drain driver IC2 and the flexibleprinted substrate FPC2 has been achieved by extending the terminals ofthe flexible printed substrate FPC2 to portions outside the glass(substrate) edge and connecting them to the bus lines of the flexibleprinted substrate FPC2 by means of through-holes as shown in FIG. 30. Inthis case, the portions that are thermally compression-bonded in ACF areonly the terminals. Therefore, the flexible printed substrate FPC2 hasonly the same width is that of the compression-bonding portion.Moreover, the same portion is used for the bus line, and all of thethrough-holes and the bus lines exist in the region to be thermallycompression-bonded. When the through-holes are thermallycompression-bonded, their connection reliability might be affectedadversely. Therefore, the present invention employs the followingcounter-measure.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of the connection structure of the draindriver, and the flexible printed substrate and is useful for typicallyexplaining the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, a part of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 isallowed to protrude between the adjacent drain drivers IC2, andthrough-holes TH are positioned in this protruding portion(corresponding to PRJ in FIG. 22). The component CHC such as the chipcapacitor is mounted to the protruding portion (see FIGS. 2 and 22).According to this construction, the through-holes TH are out of thethermal compression-bonding region, and the adverse influences onconnection reliability in the conventional construction described abovecan be avoided.

Since the bus lines of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 are formed inthe same layer as shown in FIG. 32, however, the terminals of theflexible printed substrate FPC2 and the through-holes TH cannot beconnected when the construction shown in FIG. 31 is used as such.Therefore, the present invention employs the following counter-measure.

FIG. 33 is an explanatory view of the connection structure of the draindrivers and the flexible printed substrate FPC2 and is useful forfurther explaining the twenty-first embodiment of the present inventionshown in FIG. 31. In this, embodiment, the terminals of the flexibleprinted substrate FPC are shaped into a step form so that the terminalsand the through-holes can be connected to one another. Incidentally,each signal line can be formed in the same layer as the gate line or thedrain line.

FIG. 34 is a structural view of the principal portions of the wiring ofthe lower substrate and the flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention. InFIG. 34, the drain driver IC2 is mounted to the lower side (on the draindriver side) of the lower substrate SUB1 constituting the liquid crystalpanel and the gate driver IC1, to the left side (on the gate driverside), by FCA mounting, respectively.

Drain data lines for serially transferring in series the data signals(display data, gray scale voltage signals) and various high- andlow-speed clock signals inclusive of the pixel clock signals between thedrain drivers are directly formed on the lower side of the lowersubstrate SUB1.

Gate data lines and gate driver power supply lines for seriallytransferring in series the scanning voltage signals and the scanningclock signals are directly formed on the left side of the lowersubstrate.

The flexible printed substrate FPC2 is disposed in the periphery of thelower substrate SUB1 at which the drain driver IC2 is arranged. Thisflexible printed substrate includes (1) a drain driver power supplywiring section at which drain driver power supply lines PWL-D extendingalong the periphery of the lower substrate SUB1 (on the drain driver IC2side) are formed only, and (2) an interface wiring section I/F-FPC atwhich extended portions PWL-DE of the drain driver power supply lines,drain data connecting lines connected to the drain data lines DDL, gatedata connecting lines connected to the gate data lines GDL, and gatedriver power supply connecting lines connected to the gate driver powersupply lines PWL-G are formed. The interface wiring section I/F-FPC isdisposed at an end of the drain driver power line section (correspondingto a side of the lower substrate SUB1 at which the gate driver IC1 isdisposed). In FIG. 34, the drain driver power supply wiring section ofthe flexible printed substrate FPC2 is shown as a section of theflexible printed substrate FPC2 other than the interface wiring sectionI/F-FPC thereof. Although a drain driver power supply wiring section hasonly drain driver power supply lines PWL-D formed thereat in FIG. 34,any wiring lines other than the drain driver power supply lines may beformed thereat also. While the wiring lines other than the drain driverpower supply lines may be formed on the aforementioned drain driverpower supply wiring section of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 notonly in the example of FIG. 34 but also in any variations of thisexample which will be mentioned hereinafter, it is preferable to disposethe drain driver power supply lines PWL-D on the drain driver powersupply wiring section of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 and thedrain data lines DDL on the periphery of the substrate. SUB1 extendingalong the drain driver power supply wiring section, respectively. Inother words, the drain driver power supply lines PWL-D and the draindata lines DDL should be spaced from one another.

The interface wiring section I/F/FPC of the flexible printed substrateFPC2 is folded to the back of the liquid crystal panel, and theconnector CT4 disposed at the distal end is coupled with a connector(not shown) provided to the interface printed substrate PCB.

Incidentally, the interface printed substrate PCB is disposed on theback of the liquid crystal panel at the mounting position of the gatedriver IC1. The lines on the lower substrate SUB1 (drain data lines,gate data lines and gate power supply lines) and the connection lines ofthe flexible printed substrate are compression-bonded by the pad PAD-Arepresented by black circles (arrow A) in the drawing to establishelectric connection.

According to this embodiment, the data lines and the power supply linesare directly formed, on the lower substrate SUB1 on the gate driver sidewhere a greater space margin can be secured than on the drain driverside, and the flexible printed substrate is disposed on only the draindriver side.

Since only the drain power supply lines are formed on the flexibleprinted substrate FPC2 disposed on the drain driver side, the flexibleprinted substrate may be single-layered wiring, and wiring of itsinterface wiring section I/F/FPC may be single-layered wiring, too.

As a result, this embodiment can reduce the number of flexible printedsubstrates and can simplify the construction of the flexible printedsubstrate itself. Therefore, this embodiment can reduce the number ofnecessary components and can reduce the cost.

FIG. 35 is a structural view of the principal portions of the lines ofthe lower substrate and the flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, the interface wiring section I/F/FPC is separated from theflexible printed substrate FPC2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 34 andis fitted near the drain driver mounting side on the end portion sidewhere the gate driver IC1 is disposed.

The flexible printed substrate FPC2 has a shape of a rectangle extendingalong the drain driver of the liquid crystal panel, and only the draindriver power source lines PWL-D are formed into two-layered wiring. Thedrain driver power supply connecting lines PWL-DD that connect the draindriver power supply lines PWL-D to the drain driver power supply linesformed on the interface wiring section I/F/FPC are directly formed onthe lower substrate SUB1 as shown in FIG. 35.

The data lines DDL on the drain driver side, the data lines GDL on thegate driver side and the gate driver power supply lines PWL-G areelectrically connected by the pad PAD-B represented by black circles(arrow B) in FIG. 35.

One of the ends of each drain driver connecting line PWL-DD, the otherend of which is connected to the drain driver power supply line PWL-D ofthe flexible printed substrate FPC2, and the drain driver power supplyline formed on the interface wiring portion. I/F/FPC are electricallyconnected by the pad PAD-A represented by black circles (arrow A)together with the data lines DDL on the drain driver side, the datalines GDL on the gate driver side and the gate driver power supply linesPWL-G. The rest of the construction is the same as that of thetwenty-second embodiment shown in FIG. 34.

Since the flexible printed substrate FPC2 has a rectangular shape inthis embodiment, efficiency of cutting out the flexible substrate fromits raw material, or so-called, “trimming efficiency”, can be improved,and the cost can be drastically reduced. The rest of the constructionand effect are the same as those of the twenty-second embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a structural view of the principal portions of the lines ofthe lower substrate and the flexible printed substrate and is useful forexplaining the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention. Inthis embodiment, the interface wiring section I/F/FPC in thetwenty-third embodiment shown in FIG. 35 is fitted to the arrangementside of the gate driver IC1 of the liquid crystal panel.

Therefore, in FIG. 36, the drain driver power supply lines PWL-DDconnecting the drain driver power supply lines PWL-D and the draindriver power supply lines formed on the interface wiring section I/F/FPCin FIG. 35 are so formed, as to extend to the arrangement side of thegate driver IC1 having the interface wring section I/F/FPC fittedthereto. The other ends of the drain driver power supply connectinglines PWL-DD, the data lines DDL on the drain driver side, the datalines GDL on the gate driver side, the gate driver power supply linesPWL-G and the corresponding lines formed on the interface wiring sectionI/F/FPC are electrically connected by the pad PAD-C represented by arrowC (represented by black circles).

The effect of this embodiment is basically similar to that of thetwenty-third embodiment described above. Since the fitting position ofthe interface wiring section I/F/FPC can be selected along the gatedriver mounting side, the fitting position can be designed arbitrarilyin accordance with the mounting space of other components such as TCONor with the positional relationship of the mounting components of theinterface substrate PCB. Other effects are the same as those of theforegoing embodiments.

FIG. 37 is a structural view of the principal portions of the lines ofthe lower substrate and the flexible printed substrate and is useful,for explaining the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention. Inthis embodiment, the end portion (power supply end) of the flexibleprinted substrate FPC2 in the twenty-fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 36is extended to the gate driver mounting side, and the connector CT5 forthe drain driver power supply lines is provided to its distal end.

Therefore, the interface wiring section I/F/FPC disposed on the gatedriver mounting side has the data lines for the drain drivers, the datalines for the gate drivers and their power supply lines in the same wayas in the twenty-fourth embodiment. The lines of the interface wiringsection I/F/FPC and the lines formed on the lower substrate SUB1 areelectrically connected by the PAD-D represented by black circles.

In FIG. 37, the flexible printed substrate FPC2 has the step shape onthe connector CT5 side. This arrangement is for allowing the outer edgeof the flexible printed substrate FPC2 to protrude by the distance dfrom the lower substrate SUB1 and bringing the connector CT5 of theflexible printed substrate FPC2 into alignment with the connectorposition of the interface substrate PCB, not shown, by folding theprotruding portion of the flexible printed substrate FPC2 to the back ofthe lower substrate SUB1. However, the shape may be a straight rectangleas a whole while the step is omitted.

This embodiment can improve material trimming efficiency of the flexibleprinted substrate FPC2 in the same way as in the twenty-thirdembodiment, and can reduce the number of process steps by gathering theconnection pads to one position. Other effects are the same as those ofthe foregoing embodiments.

Next, another construction of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the present invention will be explained.

FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the liquidcrystal display device. In this liquid crystal display device, an imagesignal line driving circuit 103 is disposed below the liquid crystalpanel (TFT-LCD) as the display unit, and a scanning signal line drivingcircuit 104, a controlling section 101 and a power supply section 102are disposed on the side surface side.

The controller section 101 and the power supply section 102 are mountedto an interface substrate comprising a multi-layered printed substrateand are disposed on the back of the scanning signal line driving circuit104 to reduce a frame region of a liquid crystal display module.

Each thin film transistors is disposed inside a crossing region of twogate signal lines GL adjacent to one another, and its drain electrodeand gate electrode are connected to a drain line DL and a gate line GL,respectively. Symbol GTM represents gate line leading lines (G−1, G0,G1, G2, . . . , Gend, Gend+1), and symbols DiR, DiG, DiB, . . . , Di+1R,Di+1G, Di+1B represent the drain line leading lines. Symbol Caddrepresents holding capacitance. Incidentally, the source and the drainare originally determined by a bias polarity between them. It istherefore to be understood that the source electrode and the drainelectrode replace one another during the operation because the polarityinverses during the operation in the circuit of this liquid crystaldisplay device.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory view of the flow of the display data between ahost computer and the controller section of the liquid crystal displaydevice. The display data (here, 18 bits, 65 MHz) outputted from adisplay controller of the host computer (represented by “PC”) isinputted to a low voltage differential signal transmitter (transmittingLVDS: LVDS transmitter) LVDS-T on the transmission side, is converted toa low voltage differential signal (LVDS) and is then inputted to a lowvoltage differential signal receiver (receiving LVDS: LVDS receiver)LVDS-R of the liquid crystal display device (represented by “TFT”)through an interface connector.

The LVDS receiver LVDS-R converts the input differential signal back tothe original signal (18 bits, 65 MHz) and applies this signal to atiming controller TCON controlling the scanning signal line drivingcircuit and the image signal line driving circuit so that the crystaldisplay device can execute display.

The LVDS transmitter LVDS-T as the differential signal transmitter onthe host computer side converts the digital data inputted in parallel toseries digital data and transmits them to the liquid crystal displaydevice. The LVDS receiver LVDS-R on the liquid crystal display deviceside converts the digital data inputted in series to the paralleldigital data and reproduces the display signals. Therefore, the numberof terminals of the interface connector can be decreased, connectionreliability can be improved, and EMI becomes more difficult to occurbecause the number of high-frequency current lines between the hostcomputer and the liquid crystal display device decreases.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory view of a portable notebook type personalcomputer as an example of an information processing unit to which theliquid crystal display device according to the present invention isadapted. Hinges interconnect a keyboard section and a display section inthis notebook type personal computer. The keyboard section incorporatesa CPU as a host computer, and the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the present invention is mounted to the display section.

The liquid crystal display device mounted to the display sectionincludes a liquid, crystal panel PNL, a flexible printed substrate FPC1on the gate side, a flexible printed substrate FPC2 on the drain side,an interface substrate PCB having a low voltage operating signal LVDSreceiver mounted thereto, an inverter power supply IV for back-light,and so forth. Symbol LPC represents a lamp cable for supplying power toa fluorescent tube constituting a back-light assembly from the inverterpower supply IV.

FIG. 41 is an appearance view showing an example of a desk-top typemonitor to which the liquid crystal display device according to thepresent invention is mounted. This monitor includes a display section towhich the liquid crystal display device of this invention is mounted anda stand section for supporting the display section. The liquid crystalpanel of the liquid crystal display device constitutes a screen in thedisplay section.

The present invention can similarly applied to various display devicesbesides the information processing unit described with reference toFIGS. 40 and 41.

The present invention is not particularly limited to each of theforegoing embodiments, but can naturally be changed or modified invarious ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.

As explained above and also in the paragraph “Summary of the Invention”,the present invention directly mounts the drain drivers (inclusive ofthe gate drivers) to one of the substrates (generally, the TFTsubstrate) of the liquid crystal panel, and forms directly the linesserially connecting in series the drivers on this substrate, too.Therefore, the present invention can drastically simplify the FPC andcan achieve a low production cost.

Since the flexible printed substrate on the drain driver side has asingle layer on which only the power supply lines are formed, thepresent invention directly forms all the lines on the gate driver sideon the lower substrate and substantially omits the flexible printedsubstrate on the gate side. Therefore, the present invention cansimplify the overall construction of the liquid crystal display deviceand can achieve a more miniaturized liquid crystal display device. Thepresent invention further provides great effects in reducing the numberof necessary components and the assembling cost.

While we have shown and described several embodiments in accordance withthe present invention, it is understood that the same is not limitedthereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications asknown to those skilled in the art, and we therefore do not wish to belimited to the details shown and described herein but intend to coverall such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope ofthe appended claims.

1. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal panelformed by bonding one of substrates having pixels each being arranged atan intersection between each of a plurality of drain lines and each of aplurality of gate lines intersecting said drain lines, to the other ofsaid substrates having color filters; a plurality of drain driversarranged in an extending direction of said gate lines, for applying grayscale voltage signals to said pixels so arranged as to correspond topredetermined groups of said plurality of drain lines on the basis ofdisplay data signals; a plurality of gate, drivers arranged in anextending direction of said drain lines, for applying scanning voltagesignals to said pixels arranged along said drain lines; a timingconverter for generating said display data signals and varioushigh-speed and low-speed clock signals inclusive of pixel clocks on thebasis of a display signal and a timing signal inputted from outside;lines directly formed on one of said substrates of said liquid crystalpanel, for serially transferring in series said display data signals,said gray scale voltage signals and said various high-speed andlow-speed clock signals inclusive of said pixel clocks to and betweensaid drain drivers; and gate circuits controlled by said pixel clocksignals, and disposed for each of said drain drivers on either one, orboth, of the input side and the output side of said display data andsaid gray scale voltage relative to said drain driver; wherein the widthof lines for said display data signal and said pixel clock signals ashigh-speed digital signals, the width of the lines for clock signals aslow-speed digital signals other than said pixel clock signals and thewidth of the lines for said gray scale voltage as a low-speed analogsignal are varied in accordance of an allowable resistance value of eachof said signals.
 2. A liquid crystal display device according to claim1, which further comprises: gate circuits disposed on the output side ofsaid display data signal and on the output side of said pixel clocksignal of said drain driver, for inhibiting the transfer of said displaydata signal and said pixel clock signal to a display data line and to apixel clock line of a following stage while said drain driver acquiressaid display data signal, and for starting the transfer of said displaydata signal and said pixel clock signal to the following stage whenacquisition of said display data signal is finished.
 3. A liquid crystaldisplay device according to claim 1, wherein a wiring resistance forsaid display data signal is equal to the wiring resistance for saidpixel clock signal, and the size of a drain driver connecting terminalformed in said line is different between said high-speed digital, signalline and said low-speed analog signal line.
 4. A liquid crystal displaydevice according to claim 1, wherein said drain driver connectingterminals for said high-speed digital signal are disposed zigzag on oneof the minor sides of said drain driver, and the arrangement of saidconnecting terminals on one of the minor sides of said drain driver isthe arrangement obtained by moving parallel said arrangement to theopposing minor side so that the wiring resistance can be easily madeuniform.
 5. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 4,wherein said drain driver connecting terminals for said low-speeddigital signal and analog signal are disposed on the major side of saiddrain driver.
 6. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,wherein output terminals for driving said drain lines of said draindriver are disposed on the outer edge of the major side of saidsubstrate for mounting said drain driver.
 7. A liquid crystal displaydevice according to claim 1, wherein output terminals for driving saiddrain lines of said drain driver are disposed on the outer edge of themajor side of said substrate for mounting said drain driver, and areconnected to common lines formed outside a substrate cutting line fromsaid output terminals.
 8. A liquid crystal display device according toclaim 1, wherein power supply bumps for said drain driver are disposedin two rows to reduce a connection resistance.
 9. A liquid crystaldisplay device according to claim 1, wherein terminals connected tolines from a drain driver of a preceding stage disposed inside saidsubstrate of said drain driver and terminals connected to lines to adrain driver of a following stage are formed into two stages in adirection parallel to the minor side of said drain drivers so that theycan be used in common for two kinds of drain drivers having mutuallydifferent size specifications in a direction parallel to the minor sideof said drain drivers.
 10. A liquid crystal display device according toclaim 1, wherein power supply terminals of said drain driver connectedto lines of a flexible printed substrate are serially disposed in a stepshape along the outer edge of said substrate on the cutting line side ofsaid substrate.
 11. A liquid crystal display device according to claim10, which further comprises a flexible printed substrate having powersupply lines and grounding lines for supplying power to said draindriver, and wherein said flexible printed substrate is disposed in onlya drain driver mounting surface of one of said substrates of said liquidcrystal panel at portions other than the connecting portion with anexternal printed substrate.
 12. A liquid crystal display deviceaccording to claim 11, wherein said flexible printed substrate has aprotruding portion in the arrangement space between said drain drivers,and an electronic component is mounted to said protruding portion.
 13. Aliquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein an edge ofsaid flexible printed substrate slightly protrudes from an edge of oneof said substrates of said liquid crystal panel.